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Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of mitochondrial associated protein fumarylacetoacetate domain containing protein 1 (FAHD1) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in sepsis.Methods:Based on the database of the whole process of sepsis early warning, diagnosis and treatment management, which was established on the study of sepsis early warning and standardized diagnosis and treatment system, adult patients with suspected infection admitted to the department of critical care medicine of Zhejiang Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Ningbo First Hospital from May 2014 to October 2015 were enrolled. The basic vital signs, and the main blood routine results, liver and kidney function, blood gas, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at the time of diagnosis of patients with or without sepsis were analyzed. The preserved serum samples were taken, the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected by electrochemiluminescence method, immunoturbidimetry respectively, and FAHD1 and GDF-15 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for sepsis diagnose. The indexes' diagnostic efficacy in sepsis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC curve).Results:A total of 132 patients were enrolled, including 76 cases of sepsis and 56 cases of non-sepsis. Compared with the non-sepsis group, the heart rate in the sepsis group was increased (bpm: 116.4±17.8 vs. 97.4±19.1), while the mean arterial pressure (MAP), platelet count (PLT), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2) were significantly decreased [MAP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 65.8±9.7 vs. 74.7±10.3, PLT (×10 9/L): 120 (69, 204) vs. 163 (117, 239), PaO 2 (mmHg): 83.0 (66.6, 108.0) vs. 108.0 (84.4, 130.0), all P < 0.05], direct bilirubin (DBil), serum creatinine (SCr), lactic acid (Lac), APACHEⅡ score and SOFA score were significantly increased [DBil (μmol/L): 13.00 (5.55, 55.31) vs. 6.20 (2.20, 21.90), SCr (μmol/L): 118.00 (70.00, 191.73) vs. 77.20 (59.65, 110.86), Lac (mmol/L): 2.90 (1.50, 4.10) vs. 1.90 (1.20, 2.80), APACHEⅡ score: 20.0 (16.0, 25.0) vs. 16.0 (10.0, 21.0), SOFA score: 12.0 (8.0, 16.0) vs. 8.0 (5.0, 13.0), all P < 0.05]. In addition, the serum levels of FAHD1, GDF-15, PCT and CRP in sepsis group were significantly higher than those in non-sepsis group [FAHD1 (μg/L): 3.96 (2.25, 5.92) vs. 2.47 (1.03, 3.54), GDF-15 (μg/L): 8.46 (4.37, 19.68) vs. 4.32 (1.74, 10.39), PCT (μg/L): 3.79 (1.37, 11.32) vs. 0.42 (0.12, 2.14), CRP (mg/L): 154.43 (61.33, 283.20) vs. 65.95 (28.15, 144.69), all P < 0.01]. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that serum FAHD1 [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.135, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.045-1.234], GDF-15 ( OR = 1.090, 95% CI was 1.029-1.155) and CRP ( OR = 1.007, 95% CI was 1.002-1.011) were risk factors for sepsis (all P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis of sepsis showed that the areas under ROC curve (AUC) of serum mitochondrial associated proteins FAHD1 and GDF-15 were 0.727 (95% CI was 0.641-0.802) and 0.677 (95% CI was 0.588-0.757), respectively; and the AUC of classical infection indexes PCT and CRP were 0.767 (95% CI was 0.683-0.837) and 0.680 (95% CI was 0.59-0.760), respectively. There was no significant difference between the AUC of mitochondrial associated proteins and classical infection indexes. The combination of FAHD1, GDF-15, PCT and CRP had the largest AUC, which was 0.809 (95% CI was 0.730-0.874), and the sensitivity was 75.00%, and the specificity was 80.00%. Conclusion:Mitochondrial associated protein FAHD1 and GDF-15 are associated with sepsis, and the diagnostic efficiency is improved when combined with PCT and CRP, which might provide experimental basis for screening diagnostic markers of sepsis.
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Objective To investigate the effects of "two-classroom" teaching mode of basic life support (BLS) training on medical staffs. Methods One hundred and ninety-nine medical staffs trained in BLS curriculum education from May to August 2018 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into two groups according to random number table: "two-classroom" teaching mode group (102) and traditional teaching mode group (97). The medical staffs in the traditional teaching mode group were trained by the traditional mode, while those in the"two-classroom" teaching mode group were trained by the "two-classroom" teaching mode, including the first and second classes; the first class is in-class teaching, using the Chinese version of the original American Heart Association (AHA) textbook, whose contents included basic life support operation video observation, practical operation, scene simulation and other teaching modes to carry out classroom teaching, and the second class was mainly in the extracurricular scene simulation. After the training, the differences in teaching effects regarding theoretical knowledge test scores and operational skills test scores and the degrees of satisfaction between the two groups were compared. Results The theoretical and operational scores of the "two-classroom" teaching mode group were significantly higher than those of the traditional teaching mode group (theoretical scores: 92.10±2.40 vs. 83.4±2.5, operational scores: 91.10±2.20 vs. 82.23±2.13, both P < 0.05). The degree of satisfaction with the BLS training (including 5 parts: controllable learning time, good interaction, cooperative communication, autonomous learning ability, achieving teaching goals) in the medical staffs in the "two-classroom" teaching mode group were higher than those in the traditional teaching mode group (controllable learning time: 98.04±6.35 vs. 83.51±5.27, good interaction: 97.06±6.12 vs. 83.51±5.33, cooperative communication: 96.08±6.07 vs. 73.20±4.96, autonomous learning ability: 96.08±6.15 vs. 73.20±4.28 and achieving teaching goals: 98.04±6.27 vs. 79.38±4.62, all P < 0.05). Conclusion The "two-classroom" teaching mode is a scientific, practical, simple and convenient teaching method, which can improve the theoretical and operational performance grades of trainees, and the medical staffs are well satisfied with the "two-classroom" teaching mode of BLS.
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Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) determined by two dimensional speckle tracking imaging technology (2D-STI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on the prognosis of patients with sepsis/septic shock.Methods Databases such as the National Library of Medicine PubMed database, Dutch medical abstracts Embase, Cochrane Library, Netherlands Elsevier, Springer and China biomedical literature database (CBMdisc), China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), Wanfang database, China science and technology journal full-text database, Vip Chinese biomedical journal database were searched from the establishment of literature database to April 2018 to study GLS, LVEF and their relationships with mortality of septic/septic shock patients. The literatures screening and data collecting were independently conducted by two researchers, and the quality of the included literature was evaluated. The sensitivity and heterogeneity analysis were performed with RevMan 5.3 software, and the combined effects were calculated. Funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias.Results A total of 6 articles including 5 English articles and 1 Chinese article were enrolled. There were 503 patients, 333 in the survival group and 170 in the death group. The quality of the literature was high, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) score was 8-9. Meta-analysis showed that short-term mortality was associated with higher GLS in patients with sepsis/septic shock [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.47, 95％ confidence interval (95％CI) = -0.76 to -0.18, Z = 3.16,P = 0.002], and there was no significant difference in LVEF between the survival group and the death group (SMD = 0.18, 95％CI = -0.03-0.39,Z = 1.64, P = 0.10). Sensitivity analysis was carried out for each effect index by removing each document one by one, and the results showed that there was no significant change in the combined effect before and after each document, indicating that the results were stable. The funnel plot showed that the effect points of each literature were roughly in the form of "inverted funnels" with a large symmetric distribution centered on the combined effect, but the number of studies included in this study was too small, so the publication bias could not be completely excluded.Conclusion Compared with LVEF, GLS might be a more sensitive indicator for detecting myocardial dysfunction in patients with sepsis/septic shock and might have important predictive value for short-term mortality.
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Objective To establish a severe sepsis/septic shock prognosis prediction model based on randomize forest law (RF model), and to evaluate the prognostic value of this model for patients with severe sepsis/septic shock. Methods 497 patients with severe sepsis/septic shock admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Zhejiang Hospital from September 2013 to May 2017 were enrolled. The basic data, vital signs and symptoms, biochemical indexes and blood routine indexes on the 1st, 3rd, 5th day and prognosis were collected. According to the 28-day prognosis, the patients were divided into death group and survival group, and the specific indicators about the prognosis of severe sepsis/septic shock were screened. A RF model was constructed by using the specificity indicators. The assessment effectiveness of RF model, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results In 497 cases of severe sepsis/septic shock, 201 cases died, 28-day mortality was 40.4%. ① According to the index difference of death group and survival group, 19 specific parameters of the RF model were selected, which included the age; 24-hour urine output, urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), platelet count (PLT) on the 1st day; heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cyanosis and clammy skin on the 3rd day; temperature, HR, MAP, 24-hour urine output, PLT, fever, cyanosis, dyspneic, clammy skin, piebald on the 5th day. ② ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of RF model predicting 28-day mortality was higher than that of SOFA and APACHE Ⅱ score on the 1st, 3rd, 5th day (AUC: 0.836 vs. 0.643, 0.554, 0.766 and 0.590, 0.670, 0.758). The sensitivity of RF model to predict the 28-day mortality was 86.1%, the specificity was 77.0%, the accuracy was 80.7%. Conclusion The evaluation model based on random forest can effectively predict the death risk of 28-day in patients with severe sepsis/septic shock, and its predictive efficiency is better than that of the SOFA and APACHE Ⅱ score.